Cocoa honey is considered as the liquid portion of cocoa pulp that is released from the fruit soon after it is cut open and can be used before fermentation by simple extraction due to its nutritional characteristics. The objective of the present study is to determine the biochemical characteristics of a cocoa by-product, "cocoa honey" (CH), produced in the State of Bahia-Brazil. The biochemical characterization was conducted to determine reducing sugars, total sugars, vitamin C, total dietary fiber, flavonoids, and total antioxidant activity using an EC50. It was observed that cocoa honey can be considered a source of bioactive compounds, can be consumed in natura or processed, and used as an ingredient in the chocolate industry and in other food products. However, it is necessary to use complementary methods, such as HPLC, to quantify the phenolic compounds of this by-product.

Foi utilizada a porção comestível da paleta de cordeiros Santa Inês de 12 castrados e 12 não castrados, abatidos em diferentes idades (84, 168, 210, 252 dias). Obteve-se o peso da meia carcaça e as paletas foram pesadas e armazenadas a - 5 ºC. A porção comestível (músculo e gordura) foi analisada quimicamente para determinação da quantidade de lipídios totais, teores de colesterol e perfil de ácidos graxos. Cordeiros castrados e não castrados aumentaram o peso corporal (p = 0,0393; p = 0,0017) e peso da meia carcaça (p = 0,0240; p = 0,0017), respectivamente. O peso da paleta foi incrementado nas carcaças dos ovinos não castrados (p = 0,0110). A porção comestível da paleta dos animais castrados apresentou maior quantidade de lipídios totais (16,09 g.100 g-1). O teor de colesterol foi influenciado pela castração (p = 0,0001), reduzindo com a idade. Cordeiros castrados apresentaram maior quantidade de C18:1 T11, CLA e C18:0. A castração influencia o conteúdo de colesterol da paleta; entretanto, tanto cordeiros castrados quanto não castrados tiveram o conteúdo de colesterol reduzido com o aumento da idade. A castração e a idade interferiram na concentração de ácido esteárico da porção comestível da paleta de cordeiros.

The edible portion of the shoulder of 12 castrated and 12 non-castrated Santa Inês lambs slaughtered at different ages (84, 168, 210, 252 days) were used. The shoulders were chemically analyzed to determine the quantity of total lipids, cholesterol, and fatty acids composition. Castrated and non-castrated lambs gained body weight (p = 0.0393, p = 0.0017) and half carcass weight (p = 0.0240, p = 0.0017), respectively. The shoulder weight was increased in the carcasses of non-castrated lambs (p = 0.0110). The edible portion of the shoulder of castrated lambs presented higher total lipids (16.09 g.100 g-1). The cholesterol content was influenced by castration (p = 0.0001) reducing with age. Castrated animals presented higher content of C18:1 T11, CLA, and C18:0. The shoulder weight is only increased with increasing age in the carcasses of non-castrated lambs. Castration influences the cholesterol content of the shoulder; however, both castrated and non-castrated lambs had their cholesterol contents reduced with increasing age. Castration and age interfered in the estearic acid concentration of the edible portion of lamb shoulder.

The alpha-zirconium (IV) hydrogenphosphate (alpha-ZrP) has received great attention in the last years due to its properties like ion exchange, intercalation, ionic conductivity and catalytic activity. This work reports a method to produce metallic copper clusters on alpha-ZrP to be used as catalysts in petrochemical processes. It was found that the solids were non-crystalline regardless of the uptake of copper and the reduction. The specific surface area increased as a consequence of the increase of the interlayer distance to accept the copper ions between the layers. During the reduction, big clusters of copper (0,5-11µ) with different sizes and shapes were produced.

Aluminum and copper doped hematite was evaluated in the high temperature shift (HTS) reaction at several temperatures in order to find catalysts that can work in different operational conditions. It was found that the catalysts work in kinetic regime in the range of 300-400 ºC. Both copper and aluminum increases the activity and selectivity. Aluminum acts as textural promoter whereas copper acts as structural one. The most promising catalyst is that with both copper and aluminum which showed higher activity and selectivity than a commercial sample. This catalyst has the advantages of being non toxic and can work at low temperatures.